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Patrick - Katerini, GreeceRecently active19€
19€Come and learn Biology and Chemistry with an expert. Book now and have your best experience.
In the CIE (Cambridge International) curriculum, Biochemistry is primarily covered in Biology and partially in Chemistry at both IGCSE and AS/A Level. It focuses on the chemical processes and molecules essential for life. Here's a detailed overview: IGCSE Biology (0610/0970) Biochemistry at the IGCSE level introduces students to basic biological molecules and processes: 1. Biological Molecules - Carbohydrates: - Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), and polysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen). - Role in energy storage and release. - Proteins: - Made up of amino acids. - Functions: enzymes, structural components (e.g., keratin), and hormones. - Lipids: - Fats and oils: composed of fatty acids and glycerol. - Role in energy storage, insulation, and cell membranes. 2. Enzymes - Biological catalysts that speed up reactions. - Factors affecting enzyme activity: temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. 3. Photosynthesis - Biochemical process in plants to produce glucose using light energy, carbon dioxide, and water. - Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. 4. Respiration - Aerobic respiration: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP). - Anaerobic respiration in humans: Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy. 5. DNA and Protein Synthesis (Basic level) - DNA as the molecule of inheritance. - Role of DNA in carrying genetic information. --- CIE AS and A Level Biology (9700) At the AS/A Level, biochemistry is studied in depth. Key areas include: 1. Biological Molecules - Carbohydrates: Structure and function of monosaccharides, disaccharides (e.g., maltose), and polysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose). - Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Role in membranes and energy storage. - Proteins: - Levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. - Role of proteins in enzymes, antibodies, and transport (e.g., hemoglobin). - Nucleic Acids: - Structure of DNA and RNA. - Role of nucleic acids in protein synthesis. 2. Enzymes - Enzyme structure and mode of action (lock-and-key, induced fit). - Enzyme kinetics and factors affecting enzyme activity. - Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. 3. Cellular Respiration - Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. - ATP production and its importance as an energy currency. 4. Photosynthesis - Light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions. - Factors affecting photosynthesis. 5. Molecular Biology - DNA replication, transcription, and translation. - Role of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes in protein synthesis. 6. Biochemical Processes in Cells - Role of ATP in metabolism. - Metabolic pathways and enzyme regulation. --- CIE AS and A Level Chemistry (9701) While biochemistry is primarily a biology topic, it also features in chemistry at A Level: 1. Amino Acids and Proteins - Structure of amino acids and peptide bonds. - Protein hydrolysis and analysis. 2. Carbohydrates - Structure of glucose and its isomers. - Reactions of carbohydrates (e.g., oxidation). 3. Lipids - Structure of triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids. - Saponification and ester formation. 4. Biochemical Techniques - Chromatography for separating amino acids and sugars. - Use of enzymes as biological catalysts in industrial processes. --- Summary - At the IGCSE level, biochemistry focuses on basic biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids), enzymes, photosynthesis, and respiration. - At the AS/A Level, biochemistry delves deeper into molecular biology, enzyme kinetics, ATP production, protein synthesis, and metabolism.
Biochemistry
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