Objectives
1- Verification of Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws.
2- Verification Voltage Dividers
3- Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
At any point (junction) in an electric circuit, the sum of
currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of
currents flowing out of it.
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
In any closed circuit, the summation of voltage sources (EMF)
equals the summation of voltage drops
Voltage drop is the voltage difference across a resistor’s
terminals
Common DC Circuit Terms:
• Circuit – a circuit is a closed loop conducting path in which an electrical current flows.
• Path – a single line of connecting elements or sources.
• Node – a node is a junction, connection or terminal within a circuit were two or more circuit elements
are connected or joined together giving a connection point between two or more branches. A node is
indicated by a dot.
• Branch – a branch is a single or group of components such as resistors or a source which are
connected between two nodes.
• Loop – a loop is a simple closed path in a circuit in which no circuit element or node is encountered
more than once.
Voltage Dividers
• An electronic circuit that accepts a certain voltage input
and produces a fraction of that input voltage as the output
• The same current I flows through R1 and R2
Thevenin’s Theorem
• Thevenin theorem is an analytical method used to change a
complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit consisting of
a single resistance in series with a voltage source.
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